|
Chilean people are natives of and long-term immigrants to Chile. Chileans are mainly of Spanish, and Amerindian descent〔Valenzuela, C. and Harb Z. 1977.(Socioeconomic Assortive Mating in Santiago, Chile: A Demostration Using Stochaistic Matrices of Mother-Child Relationships Applied to ABO Blood Groups ) Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Quote: ''The Chilean population steams mainly from the admixture of Spanish people with Chilean aborigines''〕 with small, albeit important, degrees of 19th- and 20th-century European immigrant ancestry. There is a strong correlation between Chilean people's ancestry or ethnicity and socioeconomic situation:〔Vanegas, J., Villalón, M., Valenzuela, C. (Consideraciones acerca del uso de la variable etnia/raza en investigación epidemiológica para la Salud Pública: A propósito de investigaciones en inequidades ) ''Revista Médica de Chile'' 2008; 136: 637-644. Quote translated from Spanish: ''..in Chile the () process is vinculated to a socioeconomic stratification; the Spaniards of the upper class that did not mix, the mix of European Spaniards and mestizo women in the middle strata, in the lowest substrate the mestizo-mestizo and mestizo-amerindians.''〕〔 a marked continuum〔Valenzuela, C. (El Gradiente Sociogenético Chileno y sus Implicaciones Etico-Sociales ), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Quote: ''Al analizar la composición étnica por estratos sociales nos hemos encontrado con un gradiente sociogenético importante que condiciona la estructura de la morbimortalidad según estrato socioeconómico y la evolución sociocultural de Chile''〕 exist between the lower classes of high Amerindian ancestry and the upper classes of mainly European ancestry. Indigenous inheritage (cultural or genetic) is most visible in rural areas and in aspects of culture such as Chilean cuisine and Chilean Spanish. Although post-independence immigrants never made up more than 2% of the population, there are now hundreds of thousands of Chileans with German,〔(German Embassy in Chile. ) Quote in German: Es wird geschätzt, dass zwischen 500 bis 600 Tausend Chilenen deutscher Herkunft sind.〕 British, French, Croatian, Italian or Palestinian ancestry. Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina and the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Chile (population 500+) )〕 Other large Chilean communities are in Australia, Canada and Sweden. Although small in number Chilean people make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands). == Ethnic structure== As in other Latin American countries, in Chile, from the onset of Spanish colonization and settlement, miscegenation or ''mestizaje'' was the norm rather than the exception. Today, ethnic and racial self-identities are highly fluid and can differ between persons of the same family, including siblings of the same parentage. It is dictated not only by strict physical appearance, nor more loosely by ancestry (actual or presumed), but by cultural patterns, social class, wealth and access, language, and prevailing biases of the era. These very factors, indeed, lend to the significantly varying ethnic structure figures from one source to the next. Additionally, those various figures refer to different, even if often overlapping, concepts: including racial vs ethnic categories, self-identity vs genetic findings, as well as culturally assigned categories. These concepts should not be confused, and the figures represented in one source might not be corresponding to figures of concepts from another source. Thus, for instance, UNAM professor of Latin American studies, Francisco Lizcano, in his social research estimates that a predominant 52.7% of the Chilean population can be classified as ethnically European, with an estimated 44% as Mestizo. Other social studies put the total amount of Whites at over 60 percent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】year=1988 )〕 Some publications, such as the CIA World Factbook, state that the entire population consist of a combined 95.4% of "Whites and White-Amerindians", and 4.6% of Amerindians. These figures are based on a national census held in 2002, which classified the population as indigenous and non-indigenous, rather than as White or Mestizo. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chileans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|